List of Important Wars and Treaties in Indian History
Important Wars and Treaties in Indian History. Wars and battles fought in India have long influenced the country’s cultural and linguistic ethos. The main wars and battles were fought between different dynasties, kingdoms and empires. There are some Important Wars and Treaties in Indian History that can never lose significance. Questions based on these Wars and Treaties in Indian History are widely asked in General Awareness section of exams like UPSC, RPSC, SSC and other PCS & Railways Exams.
Today we are providing you a “List of Important Wars and Treaties in Indian History”. Go through the list and enrich your knowledge of History. Besides, it can help you score better in various competitive exams such as IAS/ PCS, Banking and SSC.
You should also see our previous articles of History here:-
| Various dynasties during 10th century.
Sikhs and Marathas after Mughals |
So here is the compilation of important wars and treaties You must remember for exams
| War | Year | Treaty | Gov General | Battles |
| Anglo Marathas | ||||
| First | 1775-82 | Began: Treaty of Surat
End: Treaty of Salbai |
Warren Hastings | Battle of Wadgaon |
| Second | 1803-05 | Began: treaty of Bassein | Lord Wellesley | Battle of Assaye |
| Third | 1816-19 | Treaty of Gwalior | Marquess of Hastings | Battle of Pindari
End of Peshwa rule |
| Anglo French | ||||
| First | 1746-48 | Treaty of Aix-la-Chepelle | Reason: Austrian succession in Europe | 1746: Battle of Adyar/San Thome |
| Second | 1749-54 | War of succession between Nasir Jung (English) and Muzaffar Jung (French) after death of Nizam | 1749: Battle of Ambur
Rise of Robert Clive |
|
| Third | 1758-63 | Treaty of Paris | Reason: 7 years war in Europe | 1760: Battle of Wandiwash (French defeat) |
| Anglo Mysore | ||||
| First | 1766-69 | |||
| Second | 1780-1784 | Treaty of Mangalore | Warren Hastings | After death of Hyder Ali in 1782 Tipu led the war |
| Third | 1789-92 | Treaty of Seringapatnam | Cornwallis | Defeat of Tipu |
| Fourth | 1799 | Wellesley | Battle of Seringapatnam. Death of Tipu. | |
| Anglo Sikh War | ||||
| First | 1845-46 | Treaty of Lahore | Hardinge | |
| Second | 1848-49 | Dalhousie | Final Subjugation of the Sikhs |
List of Important Treaties in the History of India
|
Name of The Treaty |
Year |
Importance/Remarks |
| Treaty of Asurar Ali | 1639 | The treaty established the boundary between the Mughal empire and the Ahom kingdom ending the Mughal’s efforts to conquer Ahom. |
| Treaty of Purandar | 1665 | The Treaty of Purandar was signed in 1665 between the Rajput ruler Jai Singh I, who was commander of the Mughal Empire, and Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji was forced to sign the agreement after Jai Singh besieged Purandar fort. When Shivaji realised that war with the Mughal Empire would only cause damage to the empire and that his men would suffer heavy losses, he choose to make a treaty. |
| Sangola Agreement | 1752 | Henceforth the maratha king became the mayor of the place and the peshwa emerged as the real head of maratha federacy. |
| Treaty of Alinagar | 1757 | Signed between Siraj-ud-dwala and Robert Clive allowing the British to fortify Calcutta and also allow British goods to pass through Bengal without duties. |
| Treaty of Paris | 1763 | The french were defeated by the british company and its settlements were captured. The french possessions in india were ,however restored by this treaty. |
| Treaty of Allahabad | 1765 | The Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765, between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, son of the late Emperor Alamgir II, and Lord Robert Clive, of the East India Company, as a outcome of the Battle of Buxar of 1764. As per the terms of the agreement, Alam granted the East India Company Diwani rights, or the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Emperor from the eastern province of Bengal-Bihar-Orissa. This Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of British rule in India. |
| Treaty of Madras | 1769 | The Treaty of Madras was signed between the British and Hyder Ali of Mysore to bring to and end the first Mysore War. Under the treaty, both the parties agreed to return the areas won the each and to support each other in case of a thrid party invasion. |
| Treaty of Benaras | 1773 | Between hastings and nawab of oudh. Allahabad was handed over to nawab. |
| Reaty of 1775 | 1775 | On the death of shuja ud daula in 1775 , a new treaty was concluded with his successor , according to which a regular brigade of the company’s troops was stationed in oudh.. |
| Treaty of Surat | 1775 | Signed by raghunath rao with the bombay governament in the hope of help of english subsidiary troops in his flight for peshwaship |
| Treaty of Purandar | 1776 | Signed between the British and the Marathas bringing the first phase of the First Anglo-Maratha War to an end. |
| Treaty of Wadgaon | 1779 | Signed between the British and the Marathas bringing the second phase of the First Anglo-Maratha War to an end. |
| Treaty of Salbai | 1782 | Signed between the British and the Marathas bringing the First Anglo-Maratha War to an end. |
| Treaty of Mangalore | 1784 | The Treaty of Mangalore was signed between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784. It was signed in Mangalore and brought an end to the Second Anglo-Mysore War.
Lord macartney ,governor of madras ,concluded with tipu the treaty of mangalore on the basis of mutual restriction of conquests and liberation of prisoners. |
| Treaty of Seringapatam | 1792 | Signed between the British (Lord Cornwallis), the Marathas, Hyderabad and Tipu Sultan. This ended the Third Anglo-Mysore War allowing the Marathas, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the British to annex almost half of Tipu Sultan’s territories. |
| Treaty of Bassein | 1802 | Signed by baji rao II with the english after his defeat at the hands of holkar. |
| Treaty of Deogaon | 1805 | Holkar gave up claims on the areas of company’s allies. |
| Treaty of Amritsar | 1809 | Between ranjith singh and the english company , which fixed the river sutlej as the boundary of ranjith singh’s authority. |
| Treaty of Sagauli | 1816 | After the english victory over nepal , the treaty was signed . The nepal ruler gave up his claims to sikkim , ceded the disputed tarai tracts , and received a resident at khatmandu . |
| Treaty of Yandaboo | 1826 | Great britain agreed to help iran with men and money against any european invader . |
| Treaty of Lahore | 1846 | Signed between Governor General Air Henry Hardinge for the British and members of Lahore darbar representing the young Maharaja Duleep Singh Bahadur. The treaty marked the end of the First Anglo-Sikh War. |
| Treaty of Amritsar | 1846 | The Treaty of Amritsar followed the Treaty of Lahore. By this treaty the British East India Company sold Kashmir to Maharaja Gulab Singh, whose dynasty ruled till 1947, when Maharaja Hari Singh acceded Kashmir to India. |
| Treaty of Bhirowal | 1846 | By this treaty , rani jindan was deprived of all powers and the administration was to be carried on by a ‘ council of regency ‘ composed of eight leading chiefs under the virtual dictatorship of the british resident . |
List of Important Wars and Battles in Indian History
| S.N. | Name of the Battle | Year | Battle between | Won by | Significance |
| 1 | Battle of Hydaspas | 326 B.C. | Alaxender and Porus | Alaxender defeated king Porus | Impressed by the bravery of Porus, he allowed to retian the kingship of Porus |
| 2 | Kalinga War | 261 B.C. | Ashoka and Raja Anant Padmanabhan | Ashoka | It was the bloodiest war of human history and lakhs were killed from either sides. Ashoka filled with remorse and took pledge of non violence and adopted Buddhism |
| 3 | First Battle of Tarain | 1191 A.D. | Prithviraj Chauhan and Muhammad Ghori | Prithviraj defeated Ghori | This is called the first war of Hindu Rajput king and Muslim invader. This war took place near Tarain, Thanesar distt of Haryana |
| 4 | Second Battle of Tarain | 1192 A.D. | Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan | Ghori defeats Prithviraj Chauhan | Establishment of an Islamic empire in India |
| 5 | Battle of Chhandwar | 1194 A.D. | Muhammad Ghori and Jaychand | Ghori defeats Jaichandra of Kannauj | |
| 6 | Battle of Gakkhar and Ghori | 1206 A.D. | Gakkhar and Md Ghori | Ghori was killed by Gakkhar tribes in this attack | |
| 7 | First Battle of Panipat | 1526 A.D. | Babur and Ibrahim Lodi | Babar defeats Ibrahim Lodhi | Canons, Gunpowder and artilery was used by Babur which was the first time ever use of these in Indian subcontinent. Ibrahim Lodi was killed in the field and this war paved the foundation of strong Mughal Empire in India |
| 8 | Battle of Khanwa | 1527 A.D. | Babur and Rana Sanga | Babar defeats Rana Sanga | Babur assumed title of Ghazi after this battle,The alliance of Rana Sanga although outnumbered that of Babur, still Sanga was defeated and the alliance dispersed. Rana Sanga escapes to Chittor |
| 9 | Battle of Chanderi | 1528 A.D. | Babur and Medini Rai | Babar defeats Medini Rai | |
| 10 | Battle of Ghaghara | 1529 A.D. | Babur and Sultan Mahmud Lodi | Babar defeats the Afghans | This was the third major battle of Babur after which control of Mughal Empire over India was secured and fully established. Mahmud Lodi who was the brother of Ibrahim Lodi declared himself the sultan of Delhi with the support of Nusrat shah of Bengal, Jalaluddin Lohani, Sher Shah Suri , Rajputs and Afghans. Babur emerged victorious and consolidated his control. |
| 11 | Battle of Chausa | 1539 A.D. | Sher Shah Suri and Humayun | Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayun | Sher Shah became emperor of India thus breaking the Mughal rule in India |
| 12 | Battle of Kannauj (or Bilgram) | 1540 A.D. | इSher Shah Suri and Humayun | Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayun for the second time. | |
| 13 | Second Battle of Panipat | 1556 A.D. | Akbar and Hemu | Bairam Khan (representing Akbar) defeats Hemu | Ended afghan rule,strengthened mughal rule |
| 14 | Battle of Talikota (or Banihatti) | 1565 A.D. | Deccan Sultanates and Vijayanagar Empire | Deccan Sultanates defeated the glorious Vijayanagar empire | Destroyed Hindu kingdom of the Deccan,sealed the fortunes of Vijayanagar empire |
| 15 | Battle of Haldighati | 1576 A.D. | Maharana Pratap & Mughal Emperor Akbar, who was led by Man Singh | Undecisive battle between Raja Man Singh of Mughal Army and Rana Pratap of Mewar | Rana Pratap fought gallantly and took refuge in a remote fortress.This battle is the shortest battle of Indian history and lasted only 4 hours. |
| 16 | Battle of Samugarh | 1659 A.D. | Aurangzeb & Imperial forces led by Dara | Aurangzeb | Aurangzeb captured the Mughal throne |
| 17 | Battle of Plassey | 1757 A.D. | Siraj-ud-daulah with French & British East India Company under Robert Clive | British defeated Siraj-ud-duala the Nawab of Bengal with the help of Mir Zafar. | Fought at Plassey. The British empire became masters of Bengal, foundation of British rule |
| 18 | Third Battle of Panipat | 1761 A.D. | Ahmed Shah Abdali and Marathas | Ahmed Shah Abdali defeats Marathas | Gave a setback to marathas in the north; sealed destiny of Mughal empire and made British entry easier |
| 19 | Battle of Buxar | 1764 A.D. | British East India Co Vs alliance of Nawab of Bengal, Awadh and Mughals | British defeated the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-duala (Nawab of Oudh) and Shah Alam II(Mughal emperor). | Led to English occupation of India |
| 20 | First Anglo Mysore War | 1767-69 A.D. | Hyder Ali (Mysore) Vs British, Marathas | Hyder Ali defeats English forces | The battles include Battle of Chengam, Battle of Tiruvannamalai, Siege of Ambur |
| 21 | Second Anglo Mysore War | 1780-84 A.D. | Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan (Mysore) Vs British | Hyder Ali dies. Treaty of Mangalore is signed | Various battles in this series of war includes Battle of Pollilur, Battle of Porto Novo, Battle of Sholinghur, Siege of Tellicherry, Vellore, Cuddalore, Mangalore. |
| 22 | Third Anglo Mysore War | 1789-92 A.D. | Mysore kingdom Vs British East India Co. | Tipu Sultan defeated. Treaty of Serirangapatnam is signed. | The battles of this war include Battle of Nedumkotta, Battle of Calicut, Battle of Sittimungulum, Battle of Arakere, Capture of Hooly Honroe, Capture of Seringapatanam, Capture of Shimoga etc. |
| 23 | Fourth Anglo Mysore War | 1799 A.D. | British Forces Vs Tipu Sultan | Tipu Sultan is defeated and killed | Mysore kingdom was given back to Wodeyar dynasty under subsidary alliance. |
| 24 | First Anglo Maratha War | 1766-69 A.D. | Maratha Empire and British East India Company | British defeated Marathas | This war ended with Treaty of Salbai between Maratha and British |
| 25 | Second Anglo Maratha War | 1803-06 A.D. | Maratha Empire and British East India Company | Marathas lose to the British | Only in Battle of Bharatpur, Marathas were able to defeat and repulse the British Forces four times when they attempted to capture Bharatpur Fort. |
| 26 | Third Anglo Maratha War | 1817-19 A.D. | Maratha Empire and British East India Company | Marathas lose to the British again | Treaty of Mandasor |
| 27 | First Anglo Afghan War | 1839-42 A.D. | British East India Company and Afghan | Afghans | Tripartite Treaty between Ranjit Singh, Shah Shuja & Lord Auckland |
| 28 | Second Anglo Afghan War | 1868-80 A.D. | British East India Company and Afghan | British defeat Afghan | Treaty of Peshawar, Treaty of Gandamak |
| 29 | Third Anglo Afghan War | 1919-21 A.D. | British East India Company and Afghan | Afghans | Ended in an Artimice. Durand line established.Treaty of Rawalpindi |
| 30 | First Anglo Sikh War | 1845-46 A.D. | Sikh Empire & British East India Company | Sike lose to British | |
| 31 | Second Anglo Sikh War | 1848-49 A.D. | Sikh Empire & British East India Company | British East India Company defeated Sikhs | Sikh kingdom came under the British |
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- 1806 – Treaty of Raighat – Peace with Holkars
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Litterateurs
| Poet/Writer | Language | Work |
| Kanchan Nambiar | Malayalam | |
| Tayaumanavar | Tamil | (Sittar poet) |
| Dayaram | Gujarati | |
| Warris Shah | Punjabi | Heer Ranjha |
| Shah Abdul Latif | Sindhi | Risalo |
| Sachal, Siami | Sindhi |
You should see- Six school of Indian Philosophy.
Education in India
- 1781 – Calcutta Madarsah by Hastings
- 1791 – Sanskrit College, Varanasi: Jonathan Duncan
- 1813 – Charter Act directed the Company to spend a sum of Rs. 1 lakh on education <was made available in 1823>
- 1817 – Hindu College by David Hare & RM Roy; 1825 – Vedanta College, RM Roy
- 1835 – Macaulay’s minute
- 1854 – Wood’s Dispatch: asked the govt to assume the responsibility for the education of the masses
You may also like – Study Ancient India Architecture here
Miscellaneous:
- Gopal Hari Deshmukh was a religious reformer in Western India and was popularly known as ‘Lokahitwadi’
- Separate electorates were introduced by the Morley Minto Reforms of 1909
- Dyarchy was introduced by the Montford reforms of 1919
- Timeline of Satyagraha: Champaran (1917) – Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) – Kheda (1918)
- 1927 – Butler commission to review the centre state relations
- 1934 – Congress Socialist Party: Acharya Narendra Dev and JP
- 1936 – All India Kisan Sabha: Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
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