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Reading Comprehension
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Q.Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
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Eating disorders are mental disorders defined by abnormal eating habits that negatively affect a person’s physical or mental health. They include binge eating disorder where people eat a large amount in a short period of time, anorexia nervosa where people eat very little and thus have a low body weight, bulimia nervosa where people eat a lot and then try to rid themselves of the food, pica where people eat non-food items, rumination disorder where people regurgitate food, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder where people have a lack of interest in food, and a group of other specified feeding or eating disorders. Anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse are common among people with eating disorders. Millions of people in the United States are affected by eating disorders. More than 90% of those afflicted are adolescents or young adult women. Although all eating disorders share some common manifestations, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating each have distinctive symptoms and risks.
People who intentionally starve themselves (even while experiencing severe hunger pains) suffer from anorexia nervosa. The disorder, which usually begins around the time of puberty, involves extreme weight loss to at least 15% below the individual’s normal body weight. Many people with the disorder look emaciated but are convinced they are overweight. In patients with anorexia nervosa, starvation can damage vital organs such as the heart and brain. To protect itself, the body shifts into slow gear: Menstrual periods stop, blood pressure rates drop, and thyroid function slows. Excessive thirst and frequent urination may occur. Dehydration contributes to constipation, and reduced body fat leads to lowered body temperature and the inability to withstand cold. Mild anemia, swollen joints, reduced muscle mass, and lightheadedness also commonly occur in anorexia nervosa.
Anorexia nervosa sufferers can exhibit sudden angry outbursts or become socially withdrawn. One in ten cases of anorexia nervosa leads to death from starvation, cardiac arrest, other medical complications, or suicide. Clinical depression and anxiety place many individuals with eating disorders at risk for suicidal behavior.
People with bulimia nervosa consume large amounts of food and then rid their bodies of the excess calories by vomiting, abusing laxatives or diuretics, taking enemas, or exercising obsessively. Some use a combination of all these forms of purging. Individuals with bulimia who use drugs to stimulate vomiting, bowel movements, or urination may be in considerable danger, as this practice increases the risk of heart failure. Dieting heavily between episodes of binging and purging is common.
Because many individuals with bulimia will binge and purge in secret and maintain normal or above normal body weight, they can often successfully hide their problem for years. But bulimia nervosa patients—even those of normal weight—can severely damage their bodies by frequent binge eating and purging. In rare instances, binge eating causes the stomach to rupture; purging may result in heart failure due to loss of vital minerals such as potassium.
Vomiting can cause the oesophagus to become inflamed and glands near the cheeks to become swollen. As in anorexia nervosa, bulimia may lead to irregular menstrual periods. Psychological effects include compulsive stealing as well as possible indications of obsessive-compulsive disorder, an illness characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Obsessive compulsive disorder can also accompany anorexia nervosa. As with anorexia nervosa, bulimia typically begins during adolescence. Eventually, half of those with anorexia nervosa will develop bulimia. The condition occurs most often in women but is also found in men.
Binge-eating disorder is found in about 2% of the general population. As many as one third of this group are men. It also affects older women, though with less frequency. Recent research shows that binge-eating disorder occurs in about 30% of people participating in medically supervised weight-control programs. This disorder differs from bulimia because its sufferers do not purge. Individuals with binge-eating disorder feel that they lose control of themselves when eating. They eat large quantities of food and do not stop until they are uncomfortably full. Most sufferers are overweight or obese and have a history of weight fluctuations. As a result, they are prone to the serious medical problems associated with obesity, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Obese individuals also have a higher risk for gallbladder disease, heart disease, and some types of cancer. Usually they have more difficulty losing weight and keeping it off than do people with other serious weight problems. Like anorexic and bulimic sufferers who exhibit psychological problems, individuals with binge-eating disorder have high rates of simultaneously occurring psychiatric illnesses, especially depression.
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1.Fatalities occur in what percent of people with anorexia nervosa?
A. 2%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. 25%
E. 30%
2.Which of the following consequences do all the eating disorders mentioned in the passage have in common?
A. heart ailments
B. stomach rupture
C. swollen joints
D. diabetes
E. None of these
3.According to the passage, people with binge-eating disorder are prone to all of the following except
A. loss of control.
B. depression.
C. low blood pressure.
D. high cholesterol.
E. None of these
4.Which of the following is not a statement about people with eating disorders?
A. People with anorexia nervosa commonly have a blood-related defficiency.
B. People with anorexia nervosa perceive themselves as overweight.
C. The female population is the primary group affected by eating disorders.
D. Fifty percent of people with bulimia have had anorexia nervosa.
E. None of these
5.People who have an eating disorder but nevertheless appear to be of normal weight are most likely to have
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B. bulimia nervosa.
C. binge-eating disorder.
D. anorexia nervosa.
E. None of these
6.Glandular functions of eating-disorder patients slow down as a result of
A. lowering body temperatures.
B. excessive thirst and urination.
C. protective measures taken by the body.
D. the loss of essential minerals.
E. None of these
7.The inability to eliminate body waste is related to-
A. dehydration.
B. an inflamed esophagus.
C. the abuse of laxatives.
D. weight-control programs.
E. None of these
8.According to the passage, which of the following is true of bulimia patients?
A. They may demonstrate unpredictable social behavior.
B. They often engage in compulsive exercise.
C. They are less susceptible to dehydration than are anorexia patients.
D. They frequently experience stomach ruptures.
E. None of these
9.Choose the word which is opposite in meaning to the word ‘ Obsessive’ as used in the passage.
A. passionate
B. abominating
C. feverish
D. frenetic
E. dogged
10.Choose the word which is most nearly the same in meaning to the word ‘ rupture’ as used in the passage.
A. hazard
B. snag
C. peril
D. menace
E. advantage
Correct Answer:
- B. See the fourth paragraph: “One in ten” (10% of) cases of anorexia end in death.
- A. A. heart ailments
- C. Near the end of the last paragraph, the passage indicates that binge-eating disorder patients
experience high blood pressure.
- D. It is the other way around: 50% of people with anorexia develop bulimia, as stated near the end
of the sixth paragraph.
- B. bulimia nervosa.
- C. In the third paragraph, the thyroid gland function is mentioned as slowing down—one e៛�ort on
the part of the body to protect itself.
- A. According to the third paragraph, dehydration contributes to constipation.
- B. As stated in the opening sentence of the fifth paragraph, bulimia patients may exercise
obsessively.
- B. abominating – detesting ; loathing
- A. Fissure – a long, narrow opening or line of breakage made by cracking or splitting
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