List of Nobel Prize Winners 2021
List of Nobel Prize Winners 2021

List of Nobel Prize Winners 2021

Download Complete List Nobel Prize Winners 2021 PDF. Complete List of Nobel Prize 2021 Winners (Physics, Chemistry, Economics, Peace, Literature). 2021 Nobel Prize Winners List. Nobel Prize Winners for Banking, SSC, Railway, PSC, and UPSC Exams. If you are preparing for IBPS PO/Clerk, LIC Assistant, RBI Grade B, SSC, Railway, and other competitive Exams, you may find some questions related to Nobel Prize Winners 2021. Questions based on the Recent List of Nobel Prize Winners form a part of the General Awareness section of many competitive Exams.

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Complete List of Nobel Prize Winners 2021

The Nobel Prizes 2021 in various fields were announced in October 2021. Nobel Prizes are considered the most prestigious honor worldwide and the awards are conferred in December every year. Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years.

  • The Nobel prizes are conferred in several categories by Norwegian and Swedish institutions in memory of Alfred Nobel.
  • The awards are given in the following categories Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
  • Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden’s central bank) established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in 1968 in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
  • The prize contains a gold medal and prize money of 10 million krona which amounts to more than $1.1 million.
  • Nobel Prizes have been awarded since 1901 in the memory of Sir Alfred Nobel, a renowned chemist, and engineer.
  • The Nobel Prize for one field can only be awarded to three people at once. However, the Nobel Prize can be awarded to an organization of more than three people.
Nobel Prize 2021 Winners List
Nobel Prize Fields Winners Name Purpose/Description
Physiology or Medicine David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian Discovery of receptors in the skin that sense heath & touch
 Physics Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi Understanding of Earth’s climate change & other complex physical systems
 Literature Abdulrazak Gurnah Covering the life of refugees and the effect of imperialism and its legacies on the lives of those who have been displaced
 Chemistry Benjamin List and David MacMillan Development of asymmetric organocatalysis
 Peace Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov Attempt to guard freedom of expression
Nobel Prize in Economics David Card, Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens Completely reshaped empirical work in the economic sciences

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 was awarded jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian “for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.” These breakthrough discoveries launched intense research activities leading to a rapid increase in our understanding of how our nervous system senses heat, cold, and mechanical stimuli. The laureates identified critical missing links in our understanding of the complex interplay between our senses and the environment. The announcement was made by a panel at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.

  • David Julius: David Julius of the University of California utilised capsaicin, a pungent compound from chili peppers that induces a burning sensation, to identify a sensor in the nerve endings of the skin that responds to heat.
  • Ardem Patapoutian: Ardem Patapoutian, who is with Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Scripps Research, used pressure-sensitive cells to discover a novel class of sensors that respond to mechanical stimuli in the skin and internal organs.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2021. Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, Giorgio Parisi jointly won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems

Contribution of  Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann:

  • Syukuro Manabe (Princeton University, USA) and Klaus Hasselmann (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany) awarded for the physical modeling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”.

Contribution of Giorgio Parisi:

  • Giorgio Parisi (Sapienza University of Rome, Italy) was awarded for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales.

Nobel Prize in Literature 2021

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 was awarded to Abdulrazak Gurnah born in Zanzibar and active in England, “for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents.” The Nobel Prize in literature is awarded by the Swedish Academy, Stockholm, Sweden.

The Tanzanian novelist was born in Zanzibar in 1948 and has since lived in the UK and Nigeria. He writes in English, and his most famous novel is Paradise, which was shortlisted for the Booker prize in 1994. Gurnah currently lives in the UK and taught English Literature at the University of Kent. Until recently, he was Professor of English and Postcolonial Literatures at the University of Kent, Canterbury and has published ten novels and a number of short stories.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021 was awarded jointly to Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan “for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis.”  This has had a great impact on pharmaceutical research and has made chemistry greener. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.

Catalysts are thus fundamental tools for chemists, but researchers long believed that there were, in principle, just two types of catalysts available: metals and enzymes. Benjamin List and David MacMillan are awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021 because in 2000 they, independent of each other, developed a third type of catalysis. It is called asymmetric organocatalysis and builds upon small organic molecules.

  • Benjamin List: Benjamin List, born 1968 in Frankfurt, Germany. Ph.D. 1997 from Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany. Director of the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
  • David W.C. MacMillan: David W.C. MacMillan, born 1968 in Bellshill, UK. Ph.D. 1996 from University of California, Irvine, USA. Professor at Princeton University, USA.

The Nobel Peace Prize 2021

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov “for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace”. Maria Ressa uses freedom of expression to expose abuse of power, use of violence and growing authoritarianism in her native country, the Philippines. Dmitry Muratov has for decades defended freedom of speech in Russia under increasingly challenging conditions.

The Norwegian Nobel Committee is convinced that freedom of expression and freedom of information are crucial prerequisites for democracy and protection against war and conflict. The 2021 peace prize laureates are representative of all journalists who stand up for this ideal in a world in which democracy and freedom of the press face increasingly adverse conditions.

The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2021

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021 with one half to David Card (University of California, Berkeley, USA) “for his empirical contributions to labour economics”. The other half jointly to Joshua Angrist (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA) and Guido Imbens (Stanford University, USA) “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”. This year’s Laureates – David Card, Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens – have provided us with new insights about the labour market and shown what conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn from natural experiments. Their approach has spread to other fields and revolutionised empirical research.

  • Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences: In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden’s central bank) established the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. The Prize is based on a donation received by the Nobel Foundation in 1968 from Sveriges Riksbank on the occasion of the Bank’s 300th anniversary. The first Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen in 1969. The Prize in Economic Sciences is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden, according to the same principles as for the Nobel Prizes that have been awarded since 1901.

Indian Nobel Prize – Important Notes

  • Till now, 12 Indians (5 Indian citizens and 7 of Indian origin or residency) have been awarded Nobel Prize
  • The first person of Indian origin and also first Asian to be awarded the Nobel Prize was Rabindranath Tagore for his works “Gitanjali” in 1913.
  • First Indian recipient of Nobel Prize in Physics was C. V. Raman for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him” in 1930.
  • First Indian recipient of Nobel Prize for Peace was Mother Teresa in 1979.
  • First Indian recipient of Nobel Prize in Economics was Amartya Sen in 1998.
  • First Indian recipient of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was Har Gobind Khorana for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis in 1968.
  • First Indian recipient of Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Venkatraman Ramakrishnan for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome in 2009.
  • The only woman from India in the list of Nobel Prize recipient is Mother Teresa.

List of Important Awards and Honours – Download Free PDF

History of Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize Awards is one of the most prestigious Awards across the world which are presented in the different fields of academic, cultural or scientific advances. Every year person who do notable work in the fields of chemistry, medicine, economics, literature, physics, and bring peace in the world are awarded Nobel Prize. The foundation of Nobel Prize was laid by Alfred Nobel, on 27th November 1895. Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist who invented Dynamite. He signed his last testimony and gave away a large share of his possession and fortunes to a series of prizes in the fields of literature, physics, chemistry, physiology and peace. A 6th prize, in economics, was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (the Swedish central bank) and is known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in the year 1901, which is five years after Nobel Alfred’s death.

  • Annual awards are given in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics.
  • First established in 1895 at the will of the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel.
  • All the Prize except Peace Prize awarded in Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Peace Prize awarded in Oslo, Norway.
  • The Prize is not awarded posthumously.
  • The Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Economics, and Science was presented by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
  • The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is presented by the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute.
  • The Nobel Prize for Literature was presented by the Swedish Academy.
  • The Nobel Prize in Peace was presented by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
  • Youngest Nobel Laureate (17-years): Malala Yousafzai for Peace in 2014.
  • Oldest Nobel Laureate (97-years): John B. Goodenough for Chemistry in 2019.

Download Complete List of Nobel Prize Winners 2021 PDF

Nobel Prize Winners 2019

Nobel Prize Fields Winners Name Purpose/Description
Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice Discovery of the Hepatitis C virus
Nobel Prize in Physics Roger Penrose For the discovery of the black hole formation which is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity
Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez For discovering supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna On discovering the method for genome editing and development of CRISPR-Cas9
Nobel Prize in Literature Louise Gluck For her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal
Nobel Peace Prize World Food Programme (WFP) For its efforts to combat the surge in Global hunger amidst coronavirus pandemic, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict.
Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences Paul R. Milgrom, Robert B. Wilson

 

For improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats.

Nobel Prize Winners 2019

Nobel Prize Fields Winners Name Purpose/Description
Physics Jim Peebles, Michel Mayor, Didier Queloz For contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth’s place in the cosmos.
Literature Peter Handke (Austrian writer) For an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience.
Peace Abiy Ahmed Ali (Prime Minister of Ethiopia) For his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea
Chemistry John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino For the development of ‘lithium-ion‘ batteries
Physiology or Medicine William G. Kaelin, Gregg L. Semenza, Peter J. Ratcliffe For their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.
Economics Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer For their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty

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