Indian Polity for Exams:
For more you may also like:Making of the Constitution
Supreme Court and High Court:
| Supreme Court | High Court | |
| Appointment of Judges | A distinguished jurist can be appointed a judge | Constitution does not make provision for appointment of a distinguished jurist |
| Tenure of judges | Till 65 | Till 62 |
| Jurisdiction | Jurisdiction cannot be curtained as mentioned in the constitution. Other jurisdiction and powers can be changed by the Parliament. | Ditto. Other jurisdiction and powers can be changed by both the Parliament and the State legislature. |
| Original jurisdiction | In matters relating disputes between center and states or between states | Some imp:
1.Disputes relating to the election of members of Parliament and state legislatures |
| Writ Jurisdiction | Can issue only for enforcement of fundamental rights | Can issue for fundamental rights and for any other purpose |
You may also see this:- Governor, Parliament, Attorney General, Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha
Taxes
| Levied | Collected | Appropriated | Example | |
| 1. | Centre | State | State | Stamp duty on some bills of exchange, Excise duty on some medicinal prep containing alcohol |
| 2. | Centre | Centre + State | Centre + State | Service Tax (88th amendment. Rule of appropriation decided by the Parliament) |
| 3. | Centre | Centre | State | Some taxes on inter-state trade |
| 4. | Centre | Centre | Centre+ State | All other taxes expect those mentioned above and below (division decided by the FC) |
| 5. | State | State | State | Wealth, Sales, some excise etc |
| 6. | Centre | Centre | Centre | Surcharges on taxes referred to 3 and 4 |
| GST | Centre | Centre | Centre GST ,state GST and Interstate GST |
You should also see:- Constitutional and Statutory Bodies
Grants in aid
- Statutory grants on the recommendation of the FC. There are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India every year
- Discretionary grants on the recommendation of the Planning Commission
- These days discretionary grants > statutory grants
Charged expenditure
- CAG
- UPSC
CG, Jharkhand, MP and Orissa have to have a minister for tribal affairs.
Posts
| Post | Appointment | Removal |
| State Public Service Commission | Governor | President |
| HC Judge | President in consultation with the CJI and the governor of the state | Same as SC judges |
See here- Top frequently asked Polity Questions
Thank you and All the best
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