Medieval India:
Read notes published before here:-
Dynasties during 8 to 10 century
After Aurangzeb India in 18th century
India after decline of mughals
Sikh and Marathas after Mughals
Deccan
- Ahmednagar was captured by the Mughals in 1600. Chand Bibi was defeated.
- Malik Amber of Berar was an obstacle. So was Ibrahim Adil Shah of Bijapur
- Ibrahim Adil Shah II
- Aka Abla Baba and Jagat Guru
- Book – Kitab-i-Nauras on Music
- New Capital: Nauraspur
- Gol Gumbaj – his mausoleum
- Ibrahim Rauza
- Golconda: Md Quli Qutub Shah
- Char Minar
Sikhs
- Guru Teg Bahadur was beheaded by Aurangzeb
- 1699: Khalsa was established by Guru Gobind Singh
Marathas1665:
Treaty of Purandar – between Shivaji and Jai Singh (on behalf of Aurangzeb)
- 1666: Shivaji escaped from Azeb’s detetion
- 1674: Shivaji crowned himself at Raigarh
- Assumed the title of ‘Haindava Dharmoddharak’
- Died in 1680
Architecture
- Qutab Minar
- Built by Iltutmish (started by Aibak)
- Dedicated to the Sufi saint Qutub-ud-Din Bakhtiyar Kaki
- Alauddin
- added an arch – Alai Darwaza – to Qutub Minar
- City: Siri
- Haus Khas
- Tughlaqs
- Built Tughlaqabad
- Feature: Sloping walls
- Firuz Shah Kotla
- Lodis
- Built on platforms
- Lodi Garden
Mughal Art and Architecture
- Pietra dura: decorating the walls with floral designs made of semi-precious stones
- Akbar
- Agra Fort
- Fatehpur Sikri; Buland Darwaza was built to commemorate Akbar’s victory in Gujarat
- Gujrat style of architecture was used
- Painters: Daswant and Basawan
- European painting was introduced
- Litterateurs: Abul Fazl and Faizi; Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanah; Tulsidas
- Marathi: Eknath and Tukaram
- Shah Jahan
- Red Fort, Delhi
- Moti Masjid at Agra Fort
- Jama Masjid, Delhi
- Jahangir
- Great patron of painting
- Portrait painting and painting of animals
- Painter: Mansur
- Major schools of paintings during Mughal time
- Rajasthan style
- Pahari school
- Largest number of books on classical Indian music in Persian were written during Aurangzeb’s reign
Sufi Movement
- Organised into 12 orders or silsilahs
- Orders broadly divided into two
- Ba-shara
- Be-shara
- Early sufis: Rabia, Mansur bin Hallaj, Al Ghazzali
- Yogic book, Amrit Kund, was translated into Persian from Sanskrit
- Ba-shara
- Chisti and Suharwardi silsilah
- Chisti order
- Established by Moinuddin Chishti
- Bakhtiyar Kaki, Farid ud din Ganj-i-Shakau, Nizamuddin Aulia, Nasirudding Chiragh-i-Delhi
- Believed in fakiri (poverty).
- Suharwardi
- Largely confined to Punjab and Multan
- Shaikh Shihabuddin Suharwardi and Hamid-ud-Din Nagori
- Did not believe in fakiri. Accepted the service of the state.
- Other important sufi
- Gesu Daraz
Bhakti Movement
- Nath Panti movement challenged the caste system
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