Daily Vocabulary Builder – The Hindu Editorial with Vocabulary: 18th December 2017

Daily Vocabulary Builder – The Hindu  Editorial with Vocabulary

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Looking For Balance in Power

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A month after India was part of the ‘Quad’ discussion on the side-lines of the East Asia Summit in Manila involving Japan, Australia and the U.S., New Delhi hosted foreign ministers of Russia and China this week. The Russia-India-China trilateral held its 15th meeting in what can be  as New Delhi’s attempt to get a semblance of balance in its ties with Moscow and Beijing.

Scope of talks

The broader discussions, according to a joint communiqué (an official announcement or statement, especially one made to the media. – विज्ञप्ति) of the 15th meeting, “took place in the backdrop of the political scenario in West Asia and North Africa, numerous challenges in putting the world economy back on the growth track, concerns relating to terrorism, transnational organised crime, illicit  drug trafficking, food security, and climate change.”

But what was perhaps interesting was Russia and China’s continued attempts to frame global and regional politics through a similar lens, and the growing divergences between India and them. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov made it clear that he believes that India can benefit by joining China’s Belt and Road Initiative. “I know India has problems, we discussed it today, with the concept of One Belt, One Road, but the specific problem in this regard should not make everything else conditional to resolving political issues,” Mr. Lavrov said. Targeting India’s participation in the ‘Quad’, he also underlined that sustainable security architecture cannot be achieved in the Asia-Pacific region with “closed bloc arrangements.” Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi also cautioned against “spheres of influence” and “cliques” by arguing that China opposed “hegemony and power politics and disagree with the sphere of influence and cliques and promote the democratisation of international relations.”

China, meanwhile, continued to take an aggressive posture on Doklam and its aftermath. Mr. Wang said in a speech before his Delhi visit: “We have handled the issue of cross-border incursions by the Indian border troops into China’s Donglang (Doklam) area through diplomatic measures.” Though he suggested that “China and India have far greater shared strategic interests than differences, and far greater needs for cooperation than partial friction,” he maintained that “through diplomatic means, the Indian side withdrew its equipment and personnel which reflected the value and importance of China-India relations and demonstrated sincerity and responsibility of maintaining regional peace and stability.”

Tension in the air

The tensions in the trilateral framework are inevitable given the changes in the global geopolitical environment. The original conception of this framework was a response to a very different global environment. The proposal for a Moscow-Beijing-Delhi ‘strategic triangle’ had originally come from former Russian Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov during his visit to India in 1998, when he argued that such an arrangement would represent a force for greater regional and international stability. This did not elicit as enthusiastic a response from China and India as Russia had perhaps hoped for. Thereafter, the three countries continued to focus on improving the nature of their bilateral relationships, maintaining a safe distance from the Primakov proposal. But, this idea of a ‘strategic triangle’ took a tangible form when former Foreign Ministers of Russia, China, and India — Igor Ivanov, Tang Jiaxuan and Yashwant Sinha — met on the margins of the UN General Assembly in New York in September 2002. Despite the fact that nothing concrete emerged out of that meeting, it represented the first major attempt by the three nations to deliberate on world affairs, and since then has become a regular feature of interactions among the three states.

The three nations had very different expectations from this trilateral. Russia’s role was key as its loss of power and influence on the world scene was a major cause of concern for its leadership. There was a growing and pervasive feeling in Russia that it surrendered its once-powerful position on the world stage for a position of little international influence and respect. It is against this backdrop that Russia tried to establish itself as the hub of two bilateral security partnerships that could be used to counteract U.S. power and influence in areas of mutual concern. While Russia witnessed a downward slide in its status as a superpower since the end of the Cold War, China emerged as a rising power that saw the U.S. as the greatest obstacle, if it was to achieve a pre-eminent position in the global political hierarchy. As a consequence, China recognised the importance of cooperating with Russia to check U.S. expansionism in the world, even if only for the short term. In fact, American policies towards Russia and China moved the two states closer to each other, leading to the formation of a new balance of power against the U.S.

India’s stance

India, on the other hand, had different considerations, as it was still far from becoming a global power of any reckoning. India saw in the trilateral a mechanism to bring greater balance in the global order as it believed that a unipolar U.S.-dominated world was not in the best interests of weaker states like itself, even as strategic convergence deepened between Washington and Delhi. Moreover, all three countries realised the ginormous potential in the economic, political, military and cultural realms if bilateral relationships among them were adequately strengthened.

As a consequence, the trilateral did not lead to consequences of any great import. It merely resulted in declarations which were often critical of the West, and of the U.S. in particular. Yet this was also a period which saw significant shifts in Indo-U.S. ties as bilateral relations expanded while Russian and Chinese links with the U.S. have witnessed a downward shift.

The joint declaration of the recent trilateral meeting said: “Those committing, organising, inciting or supporting terrorist acts” must be held accountable and brought to justice under international law, including the principle of “extradite or prosecute.” It stopped short of naming Pakistan-based terror groups such as Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed, something that India would have liked in line with the most recent BRICS declaration.

An arrangement that had started with an attempt to manage American unipolarity is now being affected fundamentally by Chinese resurgence. Both Russia and India are having to deal with the externalities being generated by China’s rise. While Russia is getting closer to China, India is trying to leverage its partnership with other like-minded states in the wider Indo-Pacific region. As a multipolar world order takes shape, India will have to engage with multiple partners so as to limit bilateral divergences.

The Russia-India-China template comes with its own set of challenges. China’s Global Times, commenting on the recent trilateral, suggested that “the leaders of the three only meet with each other on international occasions,” adding, “this indicates it does not have high status in diplomacy and cannot bear more functions.” While this may be true, New Delhi’s continued engagement with the duo suggests that India is today confident of setting its own agenda in various platforms. Just as China engages with the U.S. on the one hand and with Russia on the other, a rising India is quite capable of managing its ties with Washington, Beijing and Moscow simultaneously. It will not always be easy, but in an age when the certitudes of the past are fast vanishing diplomacy will have to tread a complex path.

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Daily Vocabulary Builder – The Hindu Editorial with Vocabulary: 15th December 2017

The Hindu Editorial with Vocabulary

1. Incursion (noun) अचानक हमला / आक्रमण / चढ़ाई : An invasion or attack, especially a sudden or brief one.

Synonyms: Attack on, assault on, raid on, invasion of, storming of, overrunning of, foray into.

Antonyms: Retreat, Withdrawal, Surrender.

Example:  The County remained royalist territory but suffered from raids and incursions.

2. Vanishing (verb) ग़ायब होना / ओझल हो जाना : Pass out of sight, memory, or existence.

Synonyms: Invisibility, dissipation, evaporate, vanish, fade away.

Antonyms: Appear, Arrive.

Example: Mohan’s dog was confused as it watched the shadow vanishing into nonexistence.

3. Construe (verb) शब्दानुवाद करना :  To analyze (a sentence, clause, etc.) so as to show its syntactic construction and its meaning

Synonyms: Interpret, understand, read, see, take, take to mean, regard

Antonyms: Misunderstand, Confuse

Example: Although it is open to a court in limited circumstances to conclude that the words or syntax used is wrong, the purpose remains to construe the words used.

4. Semblance (noun) दिखावा/ अनुरूपता/ झलक : The outward appearance or apparent form of something, especially when the reality is different.

Synonyms: Appearance, air, show, facade, front, veneer, guise, pretense

Antonyms: Unlikeness, difference, concrete, reality.

Example: In this case an independent press and media become vital for maintaining any semblance of democracy.

5. Illicit (adjective) अवैध / नियम के विस्र्द्ध : Not allowed or approved by common custom, rule, or standard.

Synonyms: Illegal, unlawful, illegitimate, criminal, felonious, outlawed, banned, forbidden, prohibited.

Antonyms: Lawful, Moral, Authorized, Legal

Example: Many local councils have also cut back on control work, such as cracking down on the illicit tobacco trade.

6. Clique (noun) गिरोह / गुट : A small, exclusive circle of people; snobbish or narrow coterie.

Synonyms: Coterie, set, circle, ring, in-crowd, group, club, society, fraternity, sorority, cabal, caucus, gang.

Antonyms: Individual

Example: Once again it will appear that Labour is being run by inside cliques and it has got to stop.

7. Reckoning (noun) हिसाब–किताब/ गणना / मत : A measuring of possibilities for the future; calculated guess

Synonyms: Calculation, estimation, count, computation, working out, summation, addition.

Antonyms: Avoidance, Negligence.

Example: The aim was to reduce the heavy toll of shipwrecks caused by the crude navigational method of dead reckoning.

8. Ginormous (adjective) विशाल / बड़ा भारी : Of very great size or extent; huge or enormous.

Synonyms: Huge, Vast, Extensive, Gigantic, Colossal, Gargantuan.

Antonyms: Insignificant, Little, Miniature, Miniscule, Minute.

Example: There was a ginormous tower on the bar graph for the number of people who were sick on a Monday.

9. Extradite (verb) अपराधी को प्रत्यर्पित करना : Hand over (a person accused or convicted of a crime) to the jurisdiction of the foreign state in which the crime was committed.

Synonyms: Deport, send, ship, deliver, hand over, repatriate.

Antonyms: Hold or keep to oneself.

Example: He was subsequently extradited to Poland, where he was tried, found guilty and hanged.

10. Vanishing (adverb): (In central or primary respects.) (मूलतः)

Synonyms: Fundamentally, Basically, Elementally, Radically, Constitutionally, Essentially.

Antonyms: Superficially, Ostensibly

Example: Au fond, we all want our lives to be safe and secure.

11. Divergence (noun) विचलन / अलग होना : The process or state of diverging.

Synonyms: Difference, dissimilarity, variance, disparity, disagreement, incompatibility, mismatch

Antonyms: Similarity, uniformity, convergence, harmony, agreement.

Example: The result was greater economic divergence , and inflation rates in particular moved wider apart.

12. Enthusiastic (verb) उत्साही / ललचाना : Having or showing intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval.

Synonyms: Eager, keen, avid, ardent, fervent, passionate, ebullient, zealous, vehement, excited,

Antonyms: Disinterested, unconcerned, dispassionate, pessimistic.

Example: It was a very enthusiastic meeting and I know I’m going to get a lot of support from the people there.

Source: ( The Hindu Newspaper)

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